Researchers turn back the genetic clock in mice

U.S. researchers have taken a mouse back 500 million years by reconstructing an ancient gene that was present in primitive animals.

Scientists at the University of Utah used two genes found in modern mammals to conduct the experiment - one responsible for embryonic brain development and the other for the development of nerve cells.

The scientists took critical parts of each gene and combined them to create a hybrid gene, which mimics one found in mammals millions of years ago.

This recreated gene, called a Hox, is one of a group which direct the actions of other genes during embryonic development.

Early mammals had 13 Hox genes, which each split into four, making 52 genes in total.

Later, the genes mutated again and some disappeared, leaving the 39 Hox genes that are found in mammals today.

Although the hybrid gene is not exactly the same as the ancient gene, scientists say its developmental functions are similar.

The hybrid gene has the ability to control breathing functions, and nerves for facial expressions.

By reconstructing this hybrid gene, the researchers may be able to shed light on the process of evolution and how gene therapy can be improved.

The researchers' study was published in the recent issue of Developmental Cell.

Photography: Wildlife Britain

Source: Discovery Channel Reports, August 8 edition